Household Adoption of Solar Energy in a Developing Economy: The Challenges and the Prospects in Guyana

Kavita Leandaial, Oluwasinaayomi Faith Kasi, Sandra Britton

abstract
Many developing nations have adopted solar energy as an alternative energy source for the benefit of their citizens and the environment. However, there is a paucity of studies on the acceptance and adoption of solar energy in urban areas in Guyana. Therefore, this study examined the potential for solar power adoption by households in Anna Regina. A mixed- methods approach was adopted for the study. Copies of the questionnaire were administered to households with and without solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. Invoices for solar materials were obtained from three leading wholesalers of solar energy equipment. Interviews were conducted with local electricians and Guyana Power and Light Inc. (GPL) officials. From the findings, solar systems reduced monthly household expenditures by an average of GYD10,233. Households with solar PV systems earned significantly more monthly than those without the systems. Analysis of the invoices of the solar equipment dealers indicated that the average cost of installing solar power was GYD1,182,895. The response from the local electricians revealed that the average labour cost to install a solar PV system was GYD200,000. Before approval could be granted for the installation of a solar PV system, as noted by GPL, applicants must comply with the 2014 National Electric Code (NEC), particularly Articles 690 and 705, as specified by the Guyana Electrical Inspectorate. The barriers to the uptake of solar energy systems are high initial installation costs, maintenance expenses, and inadequate knowledge of the long-term benefits of solar energy. With the significant financial and environmental benefits of renewable energy, the study advocates for policy initiatives and incentives for country-wide adoption of solar energy systems.

Keywords

Solar Energy, Household expenditures, Energy bills, Energy security, Renewable energy, Guyana