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- No.2 / (5) Measuring Multidimensional Poverty in Ghana’s East Gonja District
- Title_ Measuring Multidimensional Poverty in Ghana’s East Gonja District Author_ Mohammed SULEMANA Pages 159-182 Abstract_ This paper elaborates on recent developments in theMultidimensional Poverty Index Approach (MPI) to measuringrural poverty through an investigation of poverty determinants inthe East Gonja District of Ghana. The study uses cross-sectionaldata from 310 household heads collected through individual surveyquestionnaires. Descriptive statistics and a probit model were usedto analyze the data. The results show that 56 percent of theinterviewed household heads were living below the extremepoverty line set by the Ghana Living Standard Survey 6. The probitanalysis suggests that religion, land ownership, area of landcultivated, monthly household income and access to an urbanmarket significantly influence the level of poverty in the area. Keywords_ Poverty, Measurement, Multidimensional, Index, Households, District, Ghana
- IPAID 2020.12.02
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9
- No.2 / (4) Local Institutions and Local Economic Development in Guto Gidda District, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
- Title_ Local Institutions and Local Economic Development in Guto Gidda District, Oromia Region, Ethiopia Author_ Megerssa Tolessa WALO Pages 122-158 Abstract_ Local institutions can facilitate local economic development (LED) processes by reducing transaction costs,enhancing social capital, and creating enabling environments for business to flourish. However, factors such as the actors’preference to accept and practice one type of institutions over the other, and the nature of the functional linkages between the different kinds of institutions influence the role they play in development processes. This study empirically investigates the contributions of institutions to local economic development processes in the Guto Gidda district of the Oromia region, Ethiopia,using an institutional analysis of a case study. A qualitative research approach using in-depth interviews with local development actors was employed to collect the data. Results showthat local development actors prefer to practice in digenous institutions over government institutions because they offer more accessible services and are less reliant on ruling party affiliation.There were weak functional linkages between the two types of institutions, which had a negative development impact on the locality. The paper recommends mutual and collaborativefunctional linkages between the local institutions to maximize the contributions of both to LED. Keywords_ Local institutions, Institutional relations, Local Economic development, Social capital, Oromia, Ethiopia
- IPAID 2020.12.02
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8
- No.2 / (3) Building More Robust NGO–University Partnerships in Development
- Title_ Building More Robust NGO–University Partnerships in Development: Lessons Learned from Catholic Relief Services Author_ David M. LEEGE & Della E. MCMILLAN Pages 68-119 Abstract_ Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and US-based universities are under increasing pressure to collaborate on international development efforts in order to achieve greater impactand influence. To date, however, most of these project-based collaborations have made only limited strategic investment into achieving longer-term, transformational goals. This article explores an attempt by US-based NGO Catholic Relief Services(CRS) to develop a model for institutional partnerships that goes beyond project-driven collaborations, and the ways in which these collaborations are contributing to achievement of the agency’s strategic priorities. The article describes some of the important internal and external pressures that led CRS to adopt a new approach to university engagement; the processes that evolved to manage its five-year strategy; and some of the key activities that the partnerships supported. Based on this analysis, the paper extrapolates a series of six cross-cutting lessons learned that can help guide other NGOs and universities which are seeking to develop similar types of engagement, including a self-assessment checklist. The authors conclude that while these six-cross-cutting lessons learned are important, their significance will vary as the partnership grows, matures, and diversifies. Keywords_ NGO-university partnerships for development; NGO-university operational research; NGO-university engagement; Management/functionality of NGO-university partnerships for development; Non-governmental organizations and development; Universities and development
- IPAID 2020.12.02
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7
- No.2 / (2) An Assessment of International Order
- Title_ An Assessment of International Order: Liberal Major Powers and Fragile and Failing States Author_ John VAN BENTHUYSEN Pages 37-67 Abstract_ Over the past 70 years the major powers have abandonedinternational anarchy for international order. International order,underwritten by major powers, has largely solved the problems ofinterstate war and conquest but struggles with fragile and failingstates. In 2015 more than 60 million people were displaced byfragile and failing states. This raises questions about how and whymajor powers supply and under-supply elements of internationalorder. When are major powers reliable agents of international orderand can they provide a bulwark against fragile and failing states?This study finds that fragile and failing states are not always theresult of domestic events and politics gone wrong. Fragile andfailing states need to be understood as resulting, in part, from thedegree to which states have or have not been integrated into thesystem of international order by major powers. Successfulintegration into the system of international order requires statebuilding, which is facilitated by reliable access to capital, markets,and security. Importantly, major powers are key gatekeepers ofthese critical state building resources. This makes the absence,presence, and quality of hierarchy relationships between major andminor states central to the study of both state building and fragileand failing states. Keywords_ fragile states, international order, major powers, relational hierarchy, state building, state failure
- IPAID 2020.12.02
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6
- No.2 / (1) Assessing Wellbeing and Deprivation in Later Life in Brazil and South Africa
- Title_ Assessing Wellbeing and Deprivation in Later Life in Brazil and South Africa Author_ Armando BARRIENTOS & Cassilda LASSO DE LA VEGA Pages 1-36 Abstract_ The paper develops and applies a multidimensional counting approach to rank order well being and deprivation distributions among a panel of older people in Brazil and South Africa. Using data collected in 2002 and 2008 among low-income households in urban and rural locations in Brazil and South Africa,the analysis in the paper throws light upon (i) changes in multidimensional deprivation associated with individual ageing and (ii) the effects of differential access to pension provision onwellbeing and deprivation. The paper finds that individual ageing is not necessarily associated with a decline in multidimensional well being. The findings also lend support to the view that socialpolicy, and especially inclusive pension provision, has an important role in addressing the effects of rapid population ageing in developing countries. Keywords_ Multidimensional deprivation, Pensions, South Africa, Brazil
- IPAID 2020.12.02
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5
- No.1 / (5) Education
- Title_ Education—a Key to Life? Caregivers’ Narratives of Primary School Education in Iringa Region, Tanzania Author_ Karin LINDSJÖ Pages 137-162 Abstract_ Findings from developed countries demonstrate apositive relationship between children’s educational outcomes andparental perceptions of the value of education. However, little isknown about parental attitudes toward education in the context ofthe least developed countries. A better understanding of this couldassist global efforts to increase educational attainment in theworld’s poorest countries. This study investigates the parentalperceptions of primary school education in the Iringa region ofTanzania and whether these perceptions vary depending onsocio-economic status and urban/rural residence. It finds thatthough schools face severe problems, parents of all backgroundshave a generally positive perception of education as a necessity foremployment, independence and modernized farming. Nevertheless,poverty overwhelmingly determines educational outcomes. Keywords_ Universal primary education, Caregivers’ perception, Poverty, Rural-urban disparities
- IPAID 2020.12.02
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4
- No.1 / (4) Income Distribution and the Business Cycle in Germany
- Title_ Income Distribution and the Business Cycle in Germany: A Semiparametric Approach Author_ Andos JUHÁSZ Pages 95-136 Abstract_ The question of how the distribution of income isinfluenced by the state of the economy is important for understandingthe economic mechanisms linking micro- and macro-levelvariables. There is no generally applicable theory on how thedistribution of household incomes is influenced by changed macroeconomicconditions. This paper adapts an empirical approach inorder to investigate this relationship by employing a semi-parametricdouble-index model without restrictions on the shape of the linkfunction between indices of household- and macro-level variables. We conclude that the link function is non-trivial and non-additive,meaning that the influence of macroeconomic conditions (i.e.GDP, inflation, government expenditure or unemployment) islikely to vary with household characteristics. The influence foundis small, but in parts significant, drawing a comprehensive pictureof potential link-mechanisms. Keywords_ Income Distribution, Business Cycle, Double Index Model, Semiparametric Estimation
- IPAID 2020.12.02
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3
- No.1 / (3) Social Policy Beyond Neoliberalism
- Title_ Social Policy Beyond Neoliberalism: From Conditional Cash Transfers to Pro-Poor Growth Author_ Alfredo SAAD-FILHO Pages 67-94 Abstract_ This article offers a political economy critique of thefastest-growing modality of social policy in the world: conditionalcash transfer programs (CCTs). CCTs allocate small conditionaltax-funded sums to the “deserving destitute” as part of a strategy ofmoderation of inequality, poverty management and containment ofdissent. This article argues that, while this modality of social policycan improve the circumstances of the poorest in the short-term, italso subsidizes low wages and supports the reproduction of poverty.CCTs are, then, the social policies naturally associated (“best fit”)with neoliberalism. A pro-poor alternative is outlined that can leadto faster improvements in living conditions, expand citizenship andbreak the reproduction of poverty and inequality under neoliberalism. Keywords_ Neoliberalism, Poverty, Inequality, Social policy, Conditional Cash Transfers
- IPAID 2020.12.02
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2
- No.1 / (2) The World Bank Inspection Panel in Ghana
- Title_ The World Bank Inspection Panel in Ghana: Civil Society Protest and the Glocalization of Accountability Author_Aram ZIAI Pages 39-66 Abstract_Twenty years ago, the Inspection Panel was founded as amechanism of accountability for people negatively affected byprojects funded by the World Bank. It allows them to call for aninvestigation if social and environmental standards of the WorldBank have not been adhered to. Its origin can be traced back topressure exerted by a transnational NGO campaign on the UScongress in the wake of the Narmada Valley Development Project.While the Panel’s history since then shows that it usually does nothave the power to entirely stop a project, the case of the Kwabenyalandfill in Accra (Ghana) proves that it can act as an importantinstrument for—potentially successful—civil society struggleswhich aim at democratizing the current architecture of governance. Keywords_ World Bank, Global governance, Accountability, Inspection Panel, Ghana
- IPAID 2020.12.02
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1
- No.1 / (1) Does the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC)
- Author_Does the Heavily Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) Initiative Realize its Goal of Poverty Alleviation? Author_Clair APODACA & Pamela BLACKMON Pages 1-38 Abstract_ The development of the Enhanced Heavily Indebted PoorCountries Initiative (HIPC) with the addition of country developedPoverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs) in 1999, represents afundamental shift in International Monetary Fund and World Bankprograms. The HIPC initiative was designed to re-direct resources(through bilateral and multilateral debt forgiveness) that hadpreviously gone to servicing a country’s debt towards countryspecificpoverty reduction programs aimed at social services suchas health care and education. This article investigates whetherHIPC countries have seen results in poverty alleviation. We providestatistical support for the conclusion that successful completion ofthe HIPC process has benefits for poverty eradication. The HIPCinitiative is positively related to a reduction in infant mortality, andto a decrease in the poverty gap.Keywords: HIPC initiative, Debt relief, Poverty alleviation, Infantmortality, World Bank, IMF Keywords_ HIPC initiative, Debt relief, Poverty alleviation, Infant mortality, World Bank, IMF
- IPAID 2020.12.02