-
10
- No.2 / (5) Misrepresentation of Worldwide Governance Indicators in Nigeria
- Title_ Misrepresentation of Worldwide Governance Indicators in Nigeria Author_ Jisun Yi Pages 81-106 Abstract_ This paper raises a question against the assumption that governance indicators might be highly-positively correlated with future economic growth and poverty reduction at the national level. It will analyze the limitations inherent in the construction and use of the World Bank’s Worldwide Governance Indicators when it comes to the nexus between governance and ‘sectorial development’, not the entire economic growth of a nation. Reflecting on the case of Nigeria, the paper will look at the macro-trends of whether recent improved scores in the Worldwide Governance Indicators are correlated with its economic growth. Secondly, looking at the Nigerian agricultural sector and development levels, this paper also examines whether governance betterment shown in those indicators really work for national agricultural development. If not, what are the missing elements of governance that promote national agricultural development and why are they not properly captured by the governance indicators? Keywords_ agriculture, development, Nigeria, poverty, SSA, WGI
- IPAID 2020.12.04
-
9
- No.2 / (4) Migrant Workers’ Choice of Participating in Public Health Insurance
- Title_ Migrant Workers’ Choice of Participating in Public Health Insurance: Implications from a Practical Survey in Chengdu, China Author_ Xiao Taixi, Li Yuhao and Yang Yi-fan1 Pages 63-80 Abstract_ The objective of this article is to understand the factors that may affect the attitudes of the migrant workers toward the issue of joining the health insurance system. Three hundred twenty-three migrant workers were sampled and surveyed; R2.12.2 was used to analyze the data by exerting the logistic method. It was found that migrant workers from different areas of the industry have different attitudes with respect to the medical insurance system, while the family factor has significantly affected these attitudes. To fulfill the policy of providing medical insurance to migrant workers, both group and individual factors need to be considered. Keywords_ migrant workers, logistic, health insurance
- IPAID 2020.12.04
-
8
- No.2 / (3) How Change Happens
- Title_ How Change Happens: Access to Medications in Thailand Author_ Duncan Green Pages 47-62 Abstract_ Many actors in the development world are paying increasing attention to the so-called ‘theories of change’. Whether in programming or advocacy, this approach seeks to analyze various power relations and possibilities surrounding any given change process, as well as the assumptions employed by this analysis. This paper applies Oxfam’s thinking on change to a particular influence-wielding exercise – the long-running campaign to improve access to medications in Thailand. Keywords_ medications, Oxfam, power analysis, poverty, Thailand
- IPAID 2020.12.04
-
7
- No.2 / (2) Internationalization and Poverty Alleviation
- Title_ Internationalization and Poverty Alleviation: Practical Evidence from Amani Butterfly Project in Tanzania Author_ Wineaster Anderson and Sheghembe Amiri Saidi Pages 17-46 Abstract_ This study measures the impact of internationalization on poverty alleviation in the developing economies. The focus is on the Amani Butterfly Project in Tanzania. Particularly, the study estimates the income generated from the export of butterflies, and measures its impact on alleviating poverty in the community. Also, it identifies challenges encountered during the production and exportation of butterfly products. The study employs primary data with a sample set of 90 butterfly farmers. The findings reveal that over 250 rural households within the study area derive their livelihoods from the forest through butterfly exportation. Moreover, improvements in food security, primary health care and education have also been recorded. However, despite the positive developments, butterfly farming in Tanzania has a number of challenges before developing its full potential. Some are related to pupae production, such as access to production of pupae varieties that are in demand by butterfly buyers, while others are associated with market access, the identification of new markets, product transportation and low prices found in the current markets. The paper concludes by drawing attention to the managerial and political implications, and future research directions. Keywords_ Amani Butterfly Project, ABP, internationalization, poverty alleviation, Tanzania
- IPAID 2020.12.04
-
6
- No.2 / (1) Policy for Land and Gender in Kenya
- Title_ Policy for Land and Gender in Kenya: Reality or Illusion? Author_ Omondi Ahawo Pages 1-16 Abstract_ This paper is a largely theoretical exploration of the issue of land and gender in Kenya. It argues that the gender dimension of the land question in Kenya cannot be settled by a simple top-down enactment of a land policy. Although the paper recognizes the present attempt by the recent initiatives in Kenya on land policy, as well as the land issue in the new constitution, the main finding is that Kenya is still far away from a truly engendered land policy. The historic approach adopted in the paper digs out different dimensions of the problem, and this approach is supplemented by a new explanation of the relationship between land ownership and gender inequality as core issues in a truly indigenous poverty debate. The challenge for Kenya is to realize the importance of land as the paramount policy issue. Throughout the paper, an agreement with realism is evident. Human life is not a matter of economic growth per se, but of equality and development in terms of the quality of life. The paper argues that while humankind belongs to the world, the survival of African people must be pegged on the fact that Africa belongs to Africans. In order to eradicate poverty, there is a transcendental call for all Africans to wake up and advance their own development on their own terms. Using concepts like gender, land and policy in Kenya need to be understood and applied in the African context irrespective of subsequent land policies and the new constitution of Kenya. This is the only way to a truly indigenized gender neutral land policy for Kenya. Keywords_ gender, inequality, indignity, land policy
- IPAID 2020.12.04
-
5
- No.1 / (5) Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP) and the Health Sector
- Title_ Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSP) and the Health Sector Author_ Lichia Yiu and Raymond Saner Pages 135-180 Abstract_ The objective of this paper is to introduce the reader to the sector-specific application of Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers (PRSPs), namely health. In order for advocacy action to be successful, agents working for increased efficiency of the PRSP process need to know the opportunities and difficulties pertaining to this important sector of societal development. Each sector has its own specific realities and corresponding analytical and theoretical underpinnings. This article provides an overview of key actors’ approaches to the improvement of health services delivered to the poor within the context of PRSP processes. Keywords_ PRSP, health sector, international organisations, poverty reduction
- IPAID 2020.12.04
-
4
- No.1 / (4) Re-approaching Universal Welfare
- Title_ Re-approaching Universal Welfare: Reflections and Prospects of the New Rural Pension Policy in Aging China Author_ Yang Yi-Fan and Xiao Tai-Xi Pages 97-134 Abstract_ Along with China's in-depth development of reform, it has become difficult to effectively deal with the increasingly austere social risks in the countryside and meet the aged residents’ pressing demands of a pension guarantee. This article seeks to shed light on the development of the Chinese rural pension policy from a growing body of literature. This article argues that the rise of the new rural pension scheme is directly related to the emerging ideas of “social security for all”, which abandons the previous policy idea that farmers could still rely on their land and family supplemented by private commercial insurance. However, even though the state has become more involved with this issue, the old-age security of farmers in rural China is still standing on very thin ice and the prospect for further more active state involvement in long run remains ambiguous due to many restrictive conditions. There should be more attention to crucial groups including those households that practice family planning by having only one child or two girls, the elderly, and households with no children, and concentrate on some policy instruments like old-age allowances, micro-insurance and tax-free saving plans for the aged. All in all, the target is to make the rural social old-age security system match with the traditional family protection, collective mutual aid organizations so as to construct Chinese characteristics of multi-level old-age security system between rural and urban. Keywords_ China; institutional innovation; rural pension policy
- IPAID 2020.12.04
-
3
- No.1 / (3) Urban Poverty Alleviation in Ethiopia
- Title_ Urban Poverty Alleviation in Ethiopia: Reflections on Government Strategies Author_ Bikila Hurissa Wolde Pages 71-96 Abstract_ Rapid urbanization is a universal phenomenon which is often followed by urban poverty particularly in developing countries. The fact that urban areas in Ethiopia are typical homes of poverty is currently attracting the attention of the government and other development partners. Public policies and development plans of the government are incorporating urban poverty alleviation as an important component. Micro and small enterprises and Integrated Housing development are the most important urban poverty alleviation strategies adopted by the Ethiopian government. By creating employment opportunities, generating income for the urban poor and contributing to the urban development, the strategies are believed to reduce urban poverty in Ethiopia. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on the two urban poverty reduction strategies and briefly assess their achievements and challenges. It begins with an introduction and epigrammatic overview of urban poverty in Ethiopia. It then deals with the analysis of the Micro and Small Scale Enterprises (MSE) and Integrated Housing Development Program (IHDP) as poverty alleviation strategies and finally draws relevant conclusions. Keywords_ Ethiopia, poverty reduction, urban poverty, housing.
- IPAID 2020.12.04
-
2
- No.1 / (2) Sustainable Development in Africa
- Title_ Sustainable Development in Africa: State Institutional Capacity and Capability as a Critical Missing Link Author_ Gelase Mutahaba Pages 37-70 Abstract_ As African countries fought for independence, the citizens’ dream and expectations were that they would achieve rapid economic and social development, in addition to obtaining political freedom. In Mwalimu Nyerere’s words “the war against Africa’s three enemies (poverty, ignorance and disease), would be easy to fight, having successfully won the war against colonialism”. By the end of 2009 African countries will, on average, have been independent for four decades. Reviews on how well the continent has done in pursuing their citizens’ independence dreams tend to agree that it has not done as well as citizens expected, so the dream is still illusive. While there is considerable debate regarding the reasons for the dismal performance in this regard, it is not my intention to join the debate. Rather I will focus on the extent to which the dismal performance can be explained by what Africa has done or not done in the area of institutional development. The Institutional and Development Economics Group, based at the Governance and Social Development Resource Centre in London posited that the attainment of sustainable development within countries, communities and organizations is to a great extent dependent on a country’s efforts to develop institutional capacity and capability. While the literature has yet to settle on a standard definition of the term “institution” with some authors focusing on formal structures, rules and procedures while others emphasize the informal constraints that limit the attainment of what is formally prescribed all of them acknowledge the importance of effective institutions in achieving organizational goals, (Hirschman, 1993). In this article I share the view that the attainment of the objectives of any organization is greatly dependent on the institutional capacity and capability of that organization and Africa’s dismal performance in achieving sustainable social economic, lies in the fact that it has low institutional capacity. Keywords_ Africa; institutional development; institutional capacity.
- IPAID 2020.12.04
-
1
- No.1 / (1) Rural-Urban Population Shifts and Poverty Alleviation in Rural Cameroon
- Title_ Rural-Urban Population Shifts and Poverty Alleviation in Rural Cameroon Author_ Francis Menjo Baye and Aloysius Mom Njong Pages 1-36 Abstract_ This paper uses non-parametric estimates to set poverty lines and assesses the relative importance of within- and between-zone components in accounting for aggregate poverty trends. The Shapley Value decomposition rule and three Cameroon household consumption surveys collected by the Government’s Statistics Office are used. Within-zone effects are more instrumental in accounting for aggregate changes in all the Pa class of poverty measures than the inter-zone population shifts in the period 1984-2001. The inter-zone effects are, however, non-negligible and systematically contribute in alleviating or at least mitigating rural poverty, while aggravating urban poverty. This result highlights the potential role rural-urban migration might play in alleviating rural poverty. These results have implication for public policy at a more aggregate level that favours agricultural modernisation and transformation as a credible and sustainable means of stimulating economic activities to a scale that can simultaneously bring about agriculture-based industrialisation and address the recurrent hikes in food prices. Keywords_ Cameroon, household surveys, migration, poverty, Shapley Value Decomposition
- IPAID 2020.12.04